What size are the large threads here? I'm talking about the threads that are only present for about 2/3 the circumference:

If I'm understanding things correctly, these would be the exterior of a failed Helicoil.
Is the diameter a bolt size or an external Helicoil size? Is the thread pitch 1.25mm or 1.5mm?
If you can get a bolt to thread in, then you could make a plug. Drill and tap the center of the bolt, thread it into the cylinder head, then cut off the head of the bolt. Then you have solid steel M8 threads.
If the OD isn't a bolt size, then you could possibly do the same with a bolt inside a helicoil.
For example, if that mess was an M10 helicoil, then install a helicoil (it'll be janky and loose, but a bolt inside will help keep it in place), thread in an M10 bolt, then cut off the head of the bolt and drill and tap it. Or, thread in a double-ended stud that's M10 on one end, M8 on the other.
Or, you could use a metric step stud that's M10 on one end, M8 on the other:
If the threads are loose, you might also be able to make a sort of expanding anchor out of a bolt or a slug of aluminum.

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