Dogma, you can use vise-grips or some sharp channel-locks on those screws, then throw them out (the screws, that is).
There is no way to guarantee that the split in the diaphragm will stay buried in the groove on the side. I'll bet that it rolls over the edge when you aren't looking.
I am going to guess what you are calling "pilot air screw (or fuel flow screw, if that's the correct name). " The pilot air screw is in the intake for the carb (the part that faces the airbox), at about the 8 o'clock position. Just needs a well-fitting screwdriver to remove. The fuel flow screw that I think you are referring to is the "idle mixture adjustment screw" and is on top of the outlet of the carb. Reference this picture:
They can be a bear to remove, but you can try soaking with PB Blaster for a couple of days, dip the carbs, or heat them up, but whatever you do, use a good screwdriver to try to remove the screw. Under that screw, there will be a small spring, a very small metal washer and a small o-ring. The metal parts will usually fall out if the carb is turned over, but one good way to remove the o-ring is to use a drywall screw to snag it with the point of the screw. Just insert the screw, barely give it a twist (about 10 degrees or so) and remove it with the o-ring.
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