For example; how much voltage do we need for our bike's? The lights, ignition, battery, they are all 12 volt right? Do we need 14.5 to 15 volts? No we do not. We only NEED 13.5 volts to get the maximum life out of the battery and everything else.
You must determine the best charge/discharge cycle rate versus battery overcharging in order to know the absolute value to use. You have to run tests to determine this. My guess is that something like 14 volts is probably close.
Your assumption that a generator is a constant current source is faulty. A generator is NOT a contant current source. You may be too young to remember cars, trucks, and tractors with generators and ammeters.
Put an ammeter in series with the lead to your battery to check this! Now check with a discharged battery. You will get a lot of current. Then put a fully charged battery in and check again. Your current will be reduced to a low value.
The voltage AND current the stator can generate is really based upon the number of lines of magnetic flux being cut in a given unit of time. This is why the voltage (and consequently the current available) goes up as you speed up the generator. Smaller wire, i.e. more windings, will give you more lines of magnetic flux being cut in a revolution which will give a higher capability of current and voltage. On the other hand, you WILL have more resistive losses in the smaller wire that cause more heat. There is a tradeoff here. The only way to know the best solution is to put a variable load on the generator (like a battery tester) and check the voltage and current available with each wire size.
I would hope Suzuki did this testing and used the best solution. On the other hand, manufacturing costs do play a part and may not give exactly the best solution.
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